نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
عنوان مقاله English
نویسندگان English
One of the methods for discovering the objectives of the Sharia, as an epistemological approach, is induction (Istiqrāʾ). The aim of the present article is to explain and analyze induction from the perspectives of Ibn Taymiyyah and al-Shāṭibī. Both scholars are among the theorists of Maqāṣid al-sharīʿa who attribute particular value and significance to the inductive method, such that Ibn Taymiyyah is regarded as an authority in induction, and al-Shāṭibī refers to inductive reasoning in more than one hundred instances in his work al-Muwāfaqāt. Through induction within the Sharia, the threefold categories of interests—necessities (Ḍarūriyyāt), needs (Ḥājiyyāt), and embellishments (Taḥsīniyyāt)—as well as the five fundamental objectives of the Sharia, namely the preservation of religion, life, intellect, lineage, and property, are identified. The inductive method operates by examining individual pieces of evidence and narrations to arrive at general principles and conclusions that are not explicitly stated in the textual sources; rather, they are established in a manner analogous to Tawātur Maʿnawī (conceptual mass transmission), such as the well-known attribution of courage to Imam ʿAlī (peace be upon him) or generosity to Ḥātim. This insight constitutes one of the key findings of the present study. Furthermore, there are notable differences and distinctions between the inductive theories of al-Shāṭibī and Ibn Taymiyyah. From Ibn Taymiyyah’s perspective, restricting the objectives of the Sharia to five is not sound, and other interests present within Islam must also be taken into consideration. In other words, Ibn Taymiyyah’s overall approach focuses more on the application of induction in theology and doctrinal matters, whereas al-Shāṭibī places greater emphasis on its use in jurisprudence and legal theory. The research method employed in this article is descriptive–analytical.
کلیدواژهها English
